What is Kennel Cough?
A respiratory infection caused by different airborne viruses and bacteria. The infection causes inflammation of the trachea and bronchi. The primary pathogens responsible for kennel cough are Bordetella Bronchiseptica, Canine Parainfluenza Virus, and Canine Adenovirus Type 2.
How is it spread?
This is a highly contagious disease that spreads through close contact between infected dogs. Areas such as dog parks, boarding facilities, and dog shows are among the many locations where dogs can become infected.
What are the clinical signs?
The most common manifestation of this infection is a persistent, dry, non-productive, loud cough. Other clinical signs can include: lethargy, inappetence, fever, nasal and ocular discharge, and sneezing.
How is it diagnosed?
The history and clinical signs are typically adequate to make the diagnosis. In some cases, a swab may be collected from the trachea or the nasopharynx to run a PCR test and detect the pathogens.
What is the treatment?
This infection is often self-limiting, meaning it should clear on its own in approximately 7-10 days. If the infection is still persistent or worsening, treatment will be initiated. This could include oral antibiotics and cough suppressants. In some cases, the infection can progress to pneumonia which would require more intensive care to treat.
How can this be prevented?
Luckily, there is a vaccine to help prevent kennel cough, called the Bordetella vaccine. This vaccine works against two of the primary pathogens involved in kennel cough, which are Bordetella Bronchiseptica and Canine Parainfluenza Virus. This vaccine is strongly recommended for any dog that frequently comes into close contact with other dogs. This vaccine can be given intranasally (nose drops), orally (by the mouth), or as an injection. Since there are several pathogens involved in kennel cough, 100% immunity cannot be achieved, but it does significantly reduce the severity of the illness if your pet were to contract the infection.
Can I vaccinate my puppy for this?
It is highly recommended to vaccinate your puppy against kennel cough, as they will often be in contact with other dogs during training. This vaccine is usually given around 8 weeks of age, but it can be given earlier if required.
How often do I vaccinate against Bordetella?
If given by the intranasal or oral route, a yearly vaccine is required. If the vaccine is given by injection, two doses will be needed for the first year and then a yearly vaccine is sufficient.
